Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn ahmed Ibn al-Baitar Dhiya al-din al-Malaqi was one of the greatest scientists of Muslim spain and was the greatest botanist and pharmacist of the Middle ages. He was born in the spanish city of Malaqa (Malaga) Towards the end of the 12the century. He learned botany from abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, a learned Botanist, with whom he started collecting plants in and around spain. In 1219 he left spain on a plant collecting expedition and traveled along the northern coast of africa as far as asia Minor. the exact modes of his travel (Whether by land or sea). are not known, but the major stations he visited include bugia, Qastantunia (Copnstantinople).
Tunis, Tripoli, Barqa and adalia. After 1224 he entered the service of al-Kamil, the egyptain Governor, and was appointed chief herbalist. in 1227 al-Kamil extended his domination to damascus, and Ibn al-Baitar accompainied him there which provided him an opportunity to collect plants in syria. His researches on plants extended over a vast area including Arabia and palestine, which he either visited or managed to collect plants from stations located there. he died in Damjascus in 1248.
Ibn Bairar's major contibution, Kitab al-Jami fi al-Adwiya al-Mu frads, is one of ther greatest botanical compilations dealing with medicinal plants in Arabic It enjoyed a high status among botanists up to the 16th century as systematic work that embodies earlier works, with due criticism and adds a great part of original contribution. The encyclopedia comprises some 1,400 different items, largely medicinal plants and vegetables, of which about 200 plants were not known earlier. The book refers to the work of some 150 authors mostly arabic, and it also quotes about 20 early greek scientists. It was translated into Latin and Published in 1758.
His second monumental treatise kitab al-Mughni fi al-adwiya al-Mu frada is an encyciopedia of medicine. The drugs are listed in accordance with their theapeutical value. Thus, its 20 different chapters deal with the plants bearing significance to diseases of head, ear, eye, tec on surgical issues he has frequently quoted the famous Mulim surgeon, Abul Qasim Zahravi, Besides Arabic, Baitar, has given Greek and latin names of the plants, thus facilitating transfer of knowledge.
Ibn Baitar's contribnutions are characterized by obervation, analysis and classification and have exerted a profound influence on Eastern as well as weten botany and medicine. Through the jami was translated/published late in the western languages as mentioned above, yet many scientists had
earlier studied various parts of the book and made several references to it.
...............................................................................
(CREATED BY DR. JAMAL-UD-DIN KHAN MBBS)
No comments:
Post a Comment